Blog ini merupakan perkongsian transliterasi Koleksi Surat-surat Francis Light (SOAS MS40320) yang kini tersimpan di "Special Collection", Perpustakaan School of Oriental and African Studies. Ia mengandungi lebih 1200 dokumen yang sedang dalam proses transliterasi untuk dicetak hasil kerjasama pasukan penyelidik yang diketuai oleh Prof. Dato Dr. Ahmad Murad Merican dengan Perpustakaan School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS).
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Thursday, July 10, 2025
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Monday, March 24, 2025
The Earliest Malay Letters from Brunei
The Earliest Malay Letters from Brunei
Author: Annabel Teh Gallop
Annabel Teh Gallop. 2025. The Earliest Malay Letters from Brunei. pp. 5-31.
In: Gin, O.K., & Mohd Daud, K. (Eds.). (2025). The Literature of Brunei: History, Culture, and Challenges (1st ed.). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032616667
Reference from Light Letters Collection: Surat Yang Dipertuan Muda Sultan Muhammad Tajuddin Brunei kepada Francis Light (MS 40320/11, f.114)
Abstract:
This essay showcases five Malay letters penned from Brunei before the arrival of James Brooke in neighbouring Sarawak in 1839. The featured missives include the well-known 1599 letter from the Sultan of Brunei to the Spanish Governor of Manila; a mid-seventeenth-century letter from the Pengiran Bendahara Seri Permaisuara to the English East India Company factory in Jambi; a 1793 letter from Sultan Muhammad Tajuddin to Francis Light in Penang; and two letters, one of 1812, and another, 1823 of Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam. Taken together with other letters of Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam, and of his son Pengiran Muda Muhammad Alam published by Gallop in 1995, the said letters constitute all hitherto known surviving Malay letters from Brunei prior to the establishment of White Rajah rule of Sarawak (1841–1946). The letters were written in the Jawi script, and the overall content appear to focus on trading relations and commercial transactions. Besides economic issues, even more importantly, diplomatic priorities seemed to be a major preoccupation.
Wednesday, March 5, 2025
Indeks BL Add. 45271
Indeks BL Add. 45271
Letter | Folio | From | To | Date |
1 | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | Francis Light | Jumaat, 18 Zulkaedah 1204 (30 Julai 1790) | |
2 | Francis Light | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | 5 Jamadil Awal | |
3 | Muhamad Mia dan Sheikh Mia | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | 29 Jamadil Akhir 1205 (5 Mac 1791) | |
4 | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | Francis Light | 26 Zuhijah, Khamis | |
5 | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | Francis Light | Khamis, 2 Syawal 1206 Tahun Alif (24 Mei 1792) | |
6 | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | Francis Light | Selasa, 7 Syawal | |
7 | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | Francis Light | Sabtu, 17 Syaaban 1207 (30 Mac 1793) | |
8 | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | Francis Light | 7 Zulkaedah, Ahad | |
9 | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | Francis Light | 22 Safar 1209 Tahun Zai (18 September 1794) | |
10 | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | Francis Light | 23 Muharam | |
11 | Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah | Francis Light | 2 Zulhijah | |
|
Surat Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah kepada Francis Light (BL Add. 45271, f.17) berkaitan permintaan membeli senapang dan pakaian (2 Zulhijah)
Surat tulus ikhlas berkasih kasihan daripada beta sampai kepada sahabat beta Gurnador Pulau Pinang yang akil bijaksana telah masyhur ke mana2
Surat Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah kepada Francis Light (BL Add. 45271, f.16) berkaitan permintaan Sultan Abdullah untuk bertemu Kapten Scott (23 Muharam)
Surat tulus ikhlas kasih sayang yang tiada berkesudahan daripada beta sampai kepada sahabat beta Gurnador Pulau Pinang yang akil bijaksana telah masyhur sampai ke mana2
Surat Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah kepada Francis Light (BL Add. 45271, f.15) berkaitan hutang Sheikh Mia pada 22 Safar 1209 Tahun Zai (18 September 1794)
Surat tulus Ikhlas serta berkasih kasihan daripada beta yang tiada berkesudahan adanya sampai kepada sahabat beta Gurnador Pulau Pinang yang beroleh kebesaran bertambah2 adanya
Tuesday, March 4, 2025
Surat Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah kepada Francis Light (BL Add. 45271, f.13) berkaitan berkaitan hutang Tengku Raden Muhamad (Ahad, 7 Zulkaedah)
Al-Mustahaqqah
Surat tulus Ikhlas berkasih kasihan muafakat yang tiada berkesudahan daripada beta sampai kepada sahabat beta Gurnador Pulau Pinang yang akil bijaksana telah termasyhur ke mana2
Surat Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah kepada Francis Light (BL Add. 45271, f.12) berkaitan hasil 6,000 rial setiap tahun pada hari Sabtu, 17 Syaaban 1207 (30 Mac 1793)
Al-Mustahaqqah
Surat tulus Ikhlas berkasih kasihan muafakat yang tiada berkesudahan daripada beta sampai kepada sahabat beta Gurnador Pulau Pinang yang akil bijaksana pada perintah bersahabat sangat sempurna
Surat Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah kepada Francis Light (BL Add. 45271, f.11) berkaitan penerimaan 10 peti opium dan pembelian opium (Selasa, 7 Syawal)
Al-Mustahaqqah
Surat tulus ikhlas berkasih kasihan muafakat yang tiada berkesudahan daripada beta mari sampai kepada sahabat beta Gurnador Pulau Pinang yang akil bijaksana pada perintah bersahabat telah masyhur sampai ke mana mana
Surat Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah kepada Francis Light (BL Add. 45271, f.10) berkaitan penerimaan bayaran 30,000 pada hari Khamis, 2 Syawal 1206 Tahun Alif (24 Mei 1792)
Al-Mustahaqqah
Surat tulus ikhlas berkasih kasihan muafakat yang tiada berkesudahan selagi ada perkitaran cakerawala matahari dan bulan daripada beta sampai kepada sahabat beta Gurnador Pulau Pinang yang akil bijaksana pada perintah bersahabat telah masyhur sampai ke mana2
Surat Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah kepada Francis Light (BL Add. 45271, f.9) berkaitan penjualan timah dan pembelian beras (Khamis, 26 Zulhijjah)
Surat tulus ikhlas berkasih kasihan daripada beta sampai kepada sahabat beta Gurnador Pulau Pinang yang yang akil bijaksana telah masyhur sampai ke mana2
Sunday, February 2, 2025
Royal Malay Edicts from Kedah: A Diplomatic Study of Istimi
Royal Malay Edicts from Kedah: A Diplomatic Study of Istimi
Author: Annabel Teh Gallop
Annabel Teh Gallop. 2024. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 97, Part 2, No. 327, December 2024, pp. 43-86.
(Reference from Light Letters Collection: MS 40320/7, f.191)
Abstract:
From at least the 17th century through to the early 20th century, the term istimi was used in Kedah to refer to royal edicts or letters of appointment. This study of Kedah istimi is presented through the lens of diplomatics, by analysing the formal structure and formulaic components of this genre of Malay court documents, and draws on both original manuscript royal edicts and copies of istimi contained in secondary sources. Two original istimi are presented, one of which is probably the oldest known Malay document from Kedah, a royal edict issued by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Syah appointing Raja Mangku Putera as governor of Kota Kuala (the fort at Kuala Kedah) in 1757. These original istimi are then compared with copies of istimi reproduced in Malay manuscript compilations of Kedah laws (Undang-undang Kedah). This study reveals the unique structure of document headings (kepala surat) on istimi in Kedah, and suggests that legal texts were probably used as source books for the composition of new istimi. It also highlights the significance of istimi as primary sources for the study of the traditional governance of Kedah.
Friday, January 3, 2025
The Library of an Eighteenth-Century Malay Bibliophile: Tengku Sayid Jafar, Panglima Besar of Selangor
The Library of an Eighteenth-Century Malay Bibliophile: Tengku Sayid Jafar, Panglima Besar of Selangor
Author: Annabel Teh Gallop
Annabel Teh Gallop, ‘The library of an 18th-century Malay bibliophile: Tengku Sayid Jafar, Panglima Besar of Selangor’. In: Social codicology: the multiple lives of texts in Muslim societies, ed. Olly Akkerman; pp.199-258. Leiden: Brill, 2025. (Leiden Studies in Islam and Society; 21).
(References from the Light Letters collection, specifically the letters from Tengku Sayid Ja'far: MS 40320/3 f.38; MS 40320/4, f.44).
"...Despite the diverse nature of the Selangor library, the contents demonstrate certain preoccupations, with a particular emphasis on jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, and devotional poetry, alongside, as in all parts of the Malay world, a strong interest in divination and supplications for particular purposes. Some volumes certainly came from considerable distances, while others are more evidently local products. Interestingly, the only manuscript in the collection that we can firmly assign to production within Selangor itself is the great, unfinished Qurʾan, conceived on what was perhaps a more grandiose bibliographical scale than had previously been seen in the region...."
PENANG, THE HAJJ, AND THE ROLE OF HAJJ SYEIKHS, 1786–1977
PENANG, THE HAJJ, AND THE ROLE OF HAJJ SYEIKHS, 1786–1977
Authors: Mahani Musa & Aiza Maslan @ Baharudin
Musa, M. and Baharudin, A. M. 2024. Penang, the Hajj, and the role of hajj syeikhs, 1786–1977. International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies 20 (2): 87–116.
https://doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2024.20.2.4
(References from the Light Letters collection pertaining to Hajj: MS 40320/1 f.4; MS 40320/1 f.14; MS 40320/3, f.72; MS 40320/4, f.48; MS 40320/7, f.100; MS 40320/7, f.209; MS 40320/10, f.13)